But, of course, many experiments within cognitive pupillometry do not, or not exactly, follow this typical scenario. The measurement of pupil size to investigate cognitive processes is what we will refer to in this article as cognitive pupillometry.īy limiting our focus to a “typical” experiment, we can provide a comprehensive set of guidelines that cover every step of the process. Pupil size is also often used as a noninvasive marker of activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system (e.g., Aston-Jones & Cohen, 2005 de Gee et al., 2017 Joshi et al., 2016 Murphy et al., 2014). Increases in arousal (“pupil-linked arousal”) or mental effort cause the pupil to dilate (i.e., become larger Bradley et al., 2008 Hess & Polt, 1960 Kahneman & Beatty, 1966 Unsworth & Robison, 2014) and increases in brightness cause the pupil to constrict (i.e., become smaller) even if the source of brightness is merely imagined (Laeng & Sulutvedt, 2014), read about (Mathôt et al., 2017), covertly attended to (Binda et al., 2013a Mathôt et al., 2013 Naber et al., 2013 Unsworth & Robison, 2017), or maintained in visual working memory (Husta et al., 2019 Zokaei et al., 2019). The size of the eye’s pupil reflects a wide range of cognitive processes (reviewed in Beatty & Lucero-Wagoner, 2000 Loewenfeld, 1958 Mathôt, 2018).
#PUPIL MEASUREMENT TOOL NURSING CODE#
In addition, we provide code and toolboxes (in Python) for preprocessing and statistical analysis, and we illustrate all aspects of the proposed workflow through an example experiment and example scripts. We cover all methodological aspects of cognitive pupillometry: experimental design, preprocessing of pupil-size data, and statistical techniques to deal with multiple comparisons when testing pupil-size data. Here we provide a comprehensive, hands-on guide to methods in cognitive pupillometry, with a focus on trial-based experiments in which the measure of interest is the task-evoked pupil response to a stimulus. This lack of consensus makes it difficult to know which factors to consider when conducting a cognitive-pupillometry experiment.
Currently, there is no commonly agreed-upon methodology for conducting cognitive-pupillometry experiments, and approaches vary widely between research groups and even between different experiments from the same group.
Cognitive pupillometry is the measurement of pupil size to investigate cognitive processes such as attention, mental effort, working memory, and many others.
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